The Western Balkans should participate in, and contribute to, this reflection on the future of Europe. This reflection, after all, is about a Union, which the countries of the region are striving to join. But beyond the need to contemplate their future in the same light as the future of the EU, their participation in this reflection is essential to build a shared sense of belonging across the region; to profile the Western Balkans as a contributor in the making of Europe; to increase the joint ownership of the European integration project and give Western Balkans citizens the opportunity to mobilise and engage in transnational discussions transcending ethnonational lines.
This deliberation process, which is broader than discussions typically dominated by national politics and EU enlargement policy alone, is crucial to strengthen a community of purpose connecting the EU and the Western Balkans. Pushing for the inclusion of this “region (already) in Europe” into the EU’s strategic debates on the future of Europe is the aim of this initiative launched in 2020.
In the past ten years, the European Union (EU) has faced a long list of serious challenges, from the economic and financial crisis in the late 2000s to the outburst of the Covid-19 pandemic earlier in 2020. These challenges have put the unity of the EU to the test. The need for swift reactions has strained the advancement of a more robust strategic vision. While a new reflection on the future of Europe has been initiated with the publication of the EU’s White Paper on the Future of Europe in March 2017, followed by President Macron’s speeches in Athens, La Sorbonne, etc…, much remains to be done to rediscover the reasons underlying the European integration process in the first place, rejuvenate the European project and make it again a higher source of inspiration for the citizens of the continent.
Despite all odds, there could not be better timing for this reflection to be intensified. A new Strategic Agenda has been outlined for 2019-2024, a Strategic Compass for the EU’s security policy is being developed, and a “Conference on the Future of Europe” has been launched in May 2021 with the aim to overhaul the general functioning of the EU. Key Member States have already put forward a number of proposals. In these times of pandemic, where concerns over short-term contingency plans prevail, reflecting on the future of Europe is more necessary than ever for citizens to be able to look beyond the crisis.
The Western Balkans should participate in, and contribute to, this reflection on the future of Europe. This reflection, after all, is about a Union, which the countries of the region are striving to join. But beyond the need to contemplate their future in the same light as the future of the EU, their participation in this reflection is essential to build a shared sense of belonging across the region; to profile the Western Balkans as a contributor in the making of Europe; to increase the joint ownership of the European integration project and give Western Balkans citizens the opportunity to mobilise and engage in transnational discussions transcending ethnonational lines. This deliberation process, which is broader than discussions typically dominated by national politics and EU enlargement policy alone, is crucial to strengthen a community of purpose connecting the EU and the Western Balkans.
Pushing for the inclusion of this “region (already) in Europe” into the EU’s strategic debates on the future of Europe is the aim of this initiative launched in 2020.
• Where do Western Balkan citizens stand in those debates on the future of Europe? What is their take on the EU’s Green Agenda, migration policy, economic model, digital transformation, democratic reforms and international role and responsibilities?
• What should this European Union, which the countries of the Western Balkans are eventually going to join, be about? What should it seek to achieve?
• What distinct contributions can the countries of the Western Balkans make to advancing the European project? How could their membership in the EU strengthen the Union?
The initiative accordingly promotes the participation of Western Balkan citizens in those key debates on the future of Europe. It relies on a group of 12 experts from the Western Balkans. With their support, a series of workshops and public discussions have been organised throughout the region in order to stimulate an interactive and transnational exchange of views on topics that are of essential significance for the future of the EU and the Western Balkans alike.
The challenges undermining the Western Balkans’ transformation today are in many respects comparable to those faced by the EU. The growing socio-economic disparities, demographic decline, erosion of democratic values, rise of populism, lack of solidarity, persistence of bilateral tensions, rising insecurity and geopolitical interferences are by no means peculiarities affecting the countries of the region alone. They are as relevant to the countries of the Western Balkans as they are to the EU and should therefore be included in the set of discussions advanced in the framework of enlargement policy.
Each workshop and public discussion looked at the Western Balkans as “a region (already) in Europe”, i.e. as a region that can and should contribute to the grands débats on the future of Europe rather than merely accommodating EU visions, models, norms and standards. Two questions guided the participants’ deliberations:
These workshops and public discussions have been key to stimulating strategic thinking among the 12 experts tasked with authoring the Western Balkans Manifesto for the Future of Europe. The publication of this Manifesto is conceived as an explicit contribution to the Conference on the Future of Europe, due to end in 2022 under the French Presidency of the Council. The authors will be encouraged to present and discuss their Manifesto in several capitals (Vienna, Paris, Berlin, Brussels, etc.).
Florent Marciacq, PhD is Deputy Secretary General of the Vienna-based Austro-French Centre for Rapprochement in Europe, Senior Fellow at the Centre international de formation européenne in Berlin and Nice and member of the Observatoire des Balkans at the Fondation Jean Jaurès in Parus. He is a cofounder and coordinator of several track-II initiatives covering the Western Balkans, the countries of the Eastern Partnership and the politics of European foreign policy. Florent Marciacq holds a Ph.D. in political sciences from the University of Vienna and Luxembourg, graduated in international relations, management and sinology. He previously worked as an Associate Researcher at the European Governance Research Group of the University of Luxembourg, OSCE Researcher in residence in Prague and Guest researcher at the Austrian Defence Academy in Vienna. Florent Marciacq teaches European politics and regularly publishes academic peer-reviewed contributions, think-tank policy-papers and articles in the press.
Publications in 2021 include: Fixing the ethics of enlargement. The Progressive Post (vol. 16, 22.6.2021); Towards more Cohesion in the enlargement policy? Tapping the potential of the Weimar Triangle. Genshagen Papiere, co-authored with T. Żornaczuk.(march 2021); La Chine dans les Balkans occidentaux: influence et enjeux stratéquiques. Notes de la Fondation Jean Jaurès (22.3.2021)
Blerta Tuci holds a Master of Science in International Relations from Corvinus University of Budapest and a Master in International Relations from the University of Tirana after graduating from the Faculty of History and Philology. Blerta worked as a researcher at the Institute for Social and European Studies in Hungary, part of the Hungarian National Program of Excellence and as project coordinator for a number of non-profit organizations in Albania. She has managed the EU Information Corner at the Municipality of Tirana, while currently is working as Project Manager at EuroPartners Development organisation. Blerta is member of EU Policy Hub where contributes as researcher for issues related to European Integration process. She is author of several article in Balkan Studies, Civil Society Development in the Balkans and the EU Integration Process in the Western Balkans.
I am Oltion Kadaifciu, with a Master in European Studies and varied professional experiences during my more tan 20 years of practice. I have been working in civil society organizations, education and development. I am also a blogger and creative writer contributing in theater and other artistic and social happenings in Albania (oltionkadaifciu.com). Participating in these activities that want to give a contribution in envisioning the future of Europe, I stand for a more rational and related Europe, and this for me above all means stronger cultural communication and cooperation and cohesive education.
Anida Šabanović is a Project Manager for Center for Civil Society Promotion in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Anida holds a Master degree in Economics. She covers the research in public administration, good governance and economic areas. Anida works on projects dealing with European integration, policy creation, capacity building of government institutions, fight against corruption, promotion of human rights and women’s rights. She has experience in drafting policies and has cooperated with different non-governmental organizations in BiH as well as international organisations. Anida has experience in consultancy and has been author, co-author or contributor of reports, political analyses and texts related to European integration process as well as gender issues.
Rasim Ibrahimagić is a Research Associate at the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Sarajevo, working mostly on political education and foreign policy issues. He graduated from the University of Tuzla, with bachelor’s degree in Law. Already as student he got involved in civil society, dealing throughout the years with topics such as transitional justice, human rights, rule of law and democracy. Before joining the FES BiH team he coordinated the Initiative for Monitoring the European Integration of BiH, a 40-members civil society coalition which contributes to monitoring of reforms and overviews the application of EU policies, laws and standards in BiH.
Donika Emini (PhD candidate in Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster, London) is leading the CiviKos Platform, a secretariat gathering 270 CSOs in Kosovo. She holds a scholarship of the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), and a master’s degree in Public Policy, specializing in Public and Non-Profit Management and International Relations. Upon her return from Germany to Kosovo, Ms. Emini was a recipient of the OSI – Think Tank Young Professional Development Program as part of the Kosovar Centre for Security Studies where she previously worked (2013-2019). Furthermore, she was a Research Fellow at the EU Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) Paris Office HQ – fellowship granted by the European Fund for the Balkans. Previously, Ms. Emini worked with the Transparency International Secretariat in Berlin, Balkan Policy Institute (IPOL), and the General Consulate of the Republic of Kosovo in New York. Ms. Emini is country analyst for Freedom House covering Kosovo and Albania.
Ms. Emini’s field of expertise include regional cooperation, dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia, security cooperation between Western Balkans and the EU (CSDP). She has been actively working in the Eastern Partnership Countries on cybersecurity as part of the EU funded projects.
Visar Xhambazi works as a policy researcher and project manager at Democracy for Development (D4D) Institute based in Kosovo and is also engaged with the German-based organization United Europe as a young professional advisor. Visar focuses primarily on US foreign policy, Euro-Atlantic integration, regional cooperation and the Western Balkans. He is the author of several policy papers and articles. His work has been published in several local and international magazines such as Prishtina Insight, Balkan Insight, Visegrad Insight, The Globe Post, New Eastern Europe, Emerging Europe and European Western Balkans. Mr. Xhambazi holds a master’s degree in International Studies from Old Dominion University, specializing in US foreign policy and international relations, and a bachelor’s degree in management and public policy from Rochester Institute of Technology.
Jovana Marović (PhD, Faculty of Political Science, University of Belgrade) is a Vice President of the United Reform Action (URA), a pro-European green political party in Montenegro. From 2004 until 2021, Jovana worked as a Counselor for the European Union within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ multilateral department, an advisor for International Relations and European Integration within the Cabinet of the Budva Municipality’s Mayor, a Research Coordinator at the Institute Alternative (a think tank), a Special Advisor to the Minister of Labor and Social Welfare, and the Executive Director of the Politikon Network, a think tank based in Podgorica. Jovana was a Member of the Working Group for Chapter 23, Judiciary and Fundamental Rights from 2012-2021, within the Montenegrin Accession Negotiations for EU membership, and a member of the Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group, BiEPAG, from 2015-2021.
Viktor Mitevski is a Fulbright Scholar who holds MSc in Economics from Texas A&M University, USA. He served as a Special Adviser to the Minister of Finance of North Macedonia and covered issues related to international financial relations, financial control, EU accession process, EU Pre-Accession Assistance – IPA and public finance (PFM) reforms. During his mandate he took the lead in coordinating and overseeing the Economic Reform Program (ERP). In addition to the activities related to EU accession, Mitevski was responsible for leading the transparency and accountability in the Ministry. In only two years the Ministry of Finance become the most transparent and accountable institution in the country. Aside from his experience at the public sector, Mitevski has immense experience in civil society and quantitative policy based research. Together with a group of 7 researchers, he co-founded the Association for research and analysis ZMAI. The Association has published over 15 policy briefs and research papers and is actively engaged in the dialogue between the Government and the Civil Society.
Jovana Spremo works as Advisor specialized for EU integration related policies at Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights YUCOM. She holds the BA in International Relations at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Belgrade, MA in the interdisciplinary programme of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law and is pursuing master degree in European Integration at the Law Faculty of the University of Belgrade. She is the coordinator of the Working Group for Chapter 23 of the National Convention on European Union. Her expertise is in the domain of rule of law, with special focus on EU negotiation process, mainly covering topics related to judiciary and war crimes. She also covers topics of protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as in transitional justice and reconciliation. She is engaged in monitoring the Brussels Agreement implementation and the process of normalization of the relations between Serbia and Kosovo, with focus on judiciary integration. Jovana is alumna of several international and regional programmes, including the OSCE Dialogue Academy of Young Women and Reporting on Genocide and Mass Violence Programme organized by the International Nuremberg Principles Academy. She has written several publications and reports on different topics tackling rule of law and human rights.
Igor Bandović is the Director of the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, a position he has occupied since November 2019. Before joining the BCSP, he was a Senior Programme Manager for the European Fund for the Balkans and was is in charge of policy research and advocacy initiatives within the Fund, including coordination of the Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group and think tank support programmes. He managed the Gallup Balkan Monitor, a regional public opinion survey conducted through partnership with Gallup Europe (2009-2011). Igor has also worked for the various international organisations, including International Organisation for Migration and the United Nations Development Programme (2006-2008). From 2002 to 2006, Igor worked at the Belgrade Centre for Human Rights, where his research priorities were human rights education, international criminal law and reconciliation.
His recent publications include the research report, “North Macedonia: What’s Next?” and research papers, “Balkan Strongmen and Fragile Institutions”, “The European Question in Serbia’s Party Politics”, “The Role of Civil Society Organisations in Influencing the Policy-Making Process in the Western Balkans: Perspectives and Obstacles”.
Igor’s engagement in civil society began in 1997 when he established Libergraf, a non-governmental organisation that works on public education, the promotion of human rights and civic activism.
He studied international law and international relations at the University of Belgrade and University Union, Belgrade, Serbia.
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